My first exposure with the C programming language was yesterday, but JavaScript was the first computer language I ever learned. Although I haven't used JavaScript in approximately three months. ![20220909_184234_0000.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/23vhq7Shbh22C8ew2SDPTADwT71RjBD8kn5CKmqRpCDmfhvv5Vh7nGqy9dsUaun8TvykB.png) My current online school gave me assignments on the Preprocessor, Compiler, Assembly, and Linking phases of the C compilation process as my initial introduction to the language. These phases deal with converting code that is easy for humans to understand into machine code that the computer can quickly execute. It is almost like using a translator when you want to communicate with someone who speaks a language other than your own. In order to the best of my ability and comprehension, I will describe these compilation phases in C. --- ## PREPROCESSING This is the initial stage of compilation in C programming; it removes comments and expands macros after checking the libraries, which are indicated by the #include, in the code. The **stdio.h** and the **unistd.h** are two examples of C libraries. Every time one of these libraries is used, it must be declared because each one has its own functions. The "#include stdio.h>" library is necessary for the printf function to function. To have access to the Processor file using **gcc** you only need to type this code: ## gcc -E filename.c > filename The preprocessor output of the file **filename.c** is saved in a new file **filename** as a result of this command. --- --- # COMPILING The compiling stage follows, which simply transforms the code to assembly code. It serves as an intermediate between preprocessing and assembly. At this point, the code is still written in English. To have a look at the code in the compiling stage, you use need to run this: ## gcc -c filename.c The output of running this command would give a file with a .o extension i.e. filename.o --- --- # ASSEMBLY The third stage of compilation is where the code is no longer in English or another human-readable language and has already been converted to binary or machine code, which a computer can readily understand. To have a look at the assembly code, then you should run this command: ## gcc -S filename.c Following the execution of this command, a new file with the .s extension would be created, containing the assembly code. Note: Every file used to program in C always have the file named with .c as the extension.\ --- # LINKING Really, all I have to say about this procedure is that it is the final step in the compilation process and converts all the codes into executable files. --- ## PRINTING HELLO WORLD! ON C --- I would create a straightforward C program that outputs Hello World in this section of the article. additionally generates every piece of code that goes through the compilation process, i.e. I would execute only the preprocessing commands listed above. I am using a Linux Ubuntu20.04 to run my commands and to create files, I am using the vi editor. > #### Hello World! C programming code ![Hello World!.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/23tGPTo554UdVWCAoNHvL8v2W74FwUmPaQci88Qy1xn2DW9EcWrvubWE3xKedxYdNHZPe.png) How to print "Hello World" is shown above. in C programming. As was previously mentioned, a library called "#includestdio.h>" must be used when using a function inside the library. My comment for the code, which is redundant and always removed during compilation, is found from my second to fifth lines. The code is formatted as follows: ``` #include /** * main - Printing Hello world! * Return: Always 0 (Success) */ int main(void) { printf("Hello World!\n); return(0); } ``` > #### Printing Hello World! using Basic Compilation ![Basic compilation.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/23tGRKmdSwtYnUP9A7VsS1AnAeiEtVeapttPNgmboEY6dX4FyTWqymQPoZBNAbQ5MKaKk.png) The **gcc filename.c** command is used to execute basic compilation. It is important to note that when I created my file, I used the.c extension, resulting in the filename: "hello.c." When you run the basic compilation command, you will get a new file named a.out that contains the compiled output. To use it, simply type **./a.out**, as shown in the screenshot below. ![a.out.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/23tGVvEqomuofG9GegGDhuK9x1yQcMfkj27bxZxV7DhrLV6rcXcx7cQraFwLXAicFqbBn.png) After running the command, you get your Hello World! output. ![basic output.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/Eo44kfcWSvF2t47HcxmsFLrPeJtaWKmTn2M3ujPQbn7QyMoUA8dMPpaWEcDy7HMp8Fa.png) > #### To Print the Preprocessing Output To print the preprocessing output, simply execute **gcc -E filename.c > filename**. This command redirects the output to the new name "filename." So, if I want to use this command on the hello.c file, it can be **gcc -E hello.c > hello**, or we can give it a another name entirely, **gcc -E hello.c > testing**. All provide the same output, but are saved under distinct file names. ![preprocessor.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/23tGVQt8JW59fnKdBQUngRi4C8LwaQGRSyNDQ1CnH1THpph4RPkvsczAZvprknnaW9gFZ.png) ![vagrant@ubuntu-focal_ ~_C-programming 9_9_2022 5_26_41 PM.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/23tGTdosQ9CWq1o1Ko9WsrToaBBjrpz8hhxBuX33pVaUdVadXFu79RjrjT79VrsT3e21T.png) The image above shows that after running the program, a file named testing was saved, including the output after preprocessing. After running the code, the preprocessing code is shown below. ![vagrant@ubuntu-focal_ ~_C-programming 9_9_2022 5_27_09 PM.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/23swcK94qy9WMfSEA4PpEzZj3ot3MwazNjwEhyqzEDFQQWYA2K1zv9Vr2wXFWRJTh1Nrd.png) This is what the code looks like after passing the preprocessor stage. To print the compiling and assembly output, you only need to follow the gcc commands given above. _While attempting to study and share them in order to reinforce my learning, I will do my best to share my journey into the world of C Language. I'm hoping you will be with me on this adventure._ --- ### WHO IS STARSTRINGS01 ---

![image.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/AK7xcxJMNXNSsRMjNThqUGyM4TUZESzubTPprqMxAV6bQgq3jhAWWSYqfEhPe7M.png)
_{_Designed by @ grisvisa_}

_{*Starstrings01 AKA Giftedhands is a Hive lover, a Nigeria musician (Guitarist), and also a student who studies Mechatronics Engineering at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.*} _{*His goal on Hive is to be more than a regular blogger but something more; someone with a purpose. That’s one of the reasons why he founded the newbies initiative @newbies-hive to help guide and support newbies. Kindly click [here](https://hive.vote/dash.php?trail=newbies-hive&i=1) to follow the @newbies-hive curation trail.*} _{*He battles and struggles with balancing education and being active on the chain but yet his love and passion for Hive keep him on balance.*} --- _All images are mine except indicated otherwise_ ___ ![54TLbcUcnRm3sWQK3AJf6fuxkTxiKXRNCarffscTjF9JnBqLzj89NH5s1rKH2Cga4QvMPvvEcb4koTvuCHZXnviw8k7xAcqd9HsbFKjw6hj1Y72M87h86FHy9hno4Dmynf1K26XEe.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/nvnkde2T-54TLbcUcnRm3sWQK3AJf6fuxkTxiKXRNCarffscTjF9JnBqLzj89NH5s1rKH2Cga4QvMPvvEcb4koTvuCHZXnviw8k7xAcqd9HsbFKjw6hj1Y72M87h86FHy9hno4Dmynf1K26XEe.png) #### IF YOU LOVE THIS POST, YOU CAN KINDLY SUPPORT IT WITH YOUR COMMENTS, REBLOG AND UPVOTE. IT WOULD BE MUCH APPRECIATED ![54TLbcUcnRm3sWQK3AJf6fuxkTxiKXRNCarffscTjF9JnBqLzj89NH5s1rKH2Cga4QvMPvvEcb4koTvuCHZXnviw8k7xAcqd9HsbFKjw6hj1Y72M87h86FHy9hno4Dmynf1K26XEe.png](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/starstrings01/nvnkde2T-54TLbcUcnRm3sWQK3AJf6fuxkTxiKXRNCarffscTjF9JnBqLzj89NH5s1rKH2Cga4QvMPvvEcb4koTvuCHZXnviw8k7xAcqd9HsbFKjw6hj1Y72M87h86FHy9hno4Dmynf1K26XEe.png) ##### THANKS FOR VISITING MY BLOG 😇💕

---

c-programming

Experts